The coagulationflocculation process involves three basic steps. Ene 806 project report 2 coagulation and flocculation. This knowledge will provide a basis for understanding the needs of the. After coagulation the destabilized particles can collide, aggregate so flocs can be formed. This is the difference between coagulation and flocculation. Coagulationflocculation treatment is commonly used to reduce the turbidity of municipal and industrial waste water, the coagulants in question typically being divalent or trivalent metallic salts or polymers that have low solubility in the ph range used.
Groundwater and surface water contain both dissolved and suspended particles. Flocculation is synonymous with agglomeration and coagulation coalescence. Metal salts hydrolyze rapidly in waste water to form cationic species, which are adsorbed by negatively charged dirt. State approval listing link, check to see if your state accepts or has preapproved. Definitions, terminology and symbols in colloid and surface chemistry on page 609. A jar test simulates the coagulation and flocculation processes fill the jars with raw water sample 500 or ml usually 6 jars adjust ph of the jars while mixing using h 2 so 4 or naohlime ph.
From my course ees 3030, water treatment systems, in the department of environmental engineering and earth sciences at clemson university. In the flocculated system, there is no formation of. Coagulation vs flocculation coagulation addition of chemical coagulant or coagulants particles destabilization reduction of electrical surface charge less than 10 s flocculation. Bibliography includes bibliographical references and index. Basically, coagulation is a process of addition of coagulant to destabilize a stabilized charged particle. Thoroughly revised and updated this new edition has been progressively modified and increased in scope to cater for the requirements of. Coagulation and flocculation constitute the backbone processes in most water and advanced wastewater treatment plants. Coagulation and flocculation of a colloidal suspension upon addition of a coagulantflocculant system after mixing with subsequent settling of the floc network. Pdf coagulationflocculation processes in waterwastewater.
Coagulation is basically a synthetic procedure water treatment. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment provides a comprehensive account of coagulation and flocculation techniques and technologies in a single volume covering theoretical principles to practical applications. Coagulation and flocculation water purification physical. Coagulationflocculation involved twophase process to remove the stable colloids in water by forming larger aggregates that can be separated by the sedimentation process. Coagulation flocculation chemistry physical sciences. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment provides a comprehensive account of coagulation and flocculation techniques and technologies in a single volume covering theoretical principles to practical applications thoroughly revised and updated since the 1st edition it has.
An overview of coagulationflocculation technology wcp. Coagulation and flocculation for raw water nalco offers a comprehensive suite of organic and inorganic blended coagulants and organic flocculants. In flocculation one can make a distinction between perikinetic and. Koopal modelling polymer adsorption, steric stabilization, and flocculation, gerard j. Flocculation is the agglomeration of destabilized particles into a substantial size particles known as flocs which can be successfully expelled by sedimentation or buoyancy. Coagulation and flocculation coagulation and flocculationconsist of adding a flocforming chemical reagent to a water to enmesh or combine with nonsettleable colloidal solids and slowsettling suspended solids to produce a rapidsettling floc. Coagulationflocculation technology in water and wastewater. The aim of this paper is to provide an overall description of coagulation flocculation process and its applications in water and wastewater treatment.
Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment is a readable and useful resource for the water scientist and engineer. Coagulation and flocculation processes are used to separate. The suspended particles vary considerably in source, composition charge, particle size. Engelhardt application development manager drinking water hach company photo by author the intent of this paper is to provide cursory information about coagulation, flocculation and clarification. We can work with you to optimize the performance of your treatment program, including chemicals and equipment, which can dramatically minimize your overall costs and maximize return on investment. Since water treatment is a very sensitive and important process it requires the presence of both physical and chemical processes. The process of agglomeration of the destabilized particles to such a size that separation by sedimentation and filtration is possible. Coagulationflocculation process for produced water treatment. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment provides a comprehensive account of coagulation and flocculation techniques and technologies in a single volume covering theoretical principles to practical applications thoroughly revised and updated this new edition has been progressively modified and increased in scope to cater for the requirements of practitioners involved. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape, and density. It is a convenient reference handbook providing numerous examples and appended information and it is a vital text for course material for undergraduate and postgraduate students. Dec 10, 2017 key difference coagulation vs flocculation in water treatment water treatment is an important aspect which involves many different steps. The manual has all the information needed to design and operate jar tests, online monitoring and control, flocculation, clarification, filtration, and pilot tests. Flocculation, in the field of chemistry, is a process in which colloids come out of suspension in the form of floc or flake, either spontaneously or due to the addition of a clarifying agent.
Meanwhile, flocculation is a mixing technique that promotes agglomeration and assists in the settling of particles. The process usually consists of the rapid dispersal of a coagulant into the wastewater followed by an intense agitation commonly defined as rapid mixing. Pdf waste water treatment by coagulation and flocculation. Coagulation flocculation free download as powerpoint presentation. Sonntag adsorption of ions and surfactants, luuk k. Various sizes of particles in raw water particle diameter mm type settling velocity 10 pebble 0. Measurement tools for coagulation and flocculation. Water treatment plant waste sludge disposal is dealt with in considerable detail, in an appendix devoted to this subject. Location in the treatment plant after the source water has been screened and has passed through the optional steps of prechlorination and aeration, it is ready for coagulation and flocculation. Zeta potential is defined and its role in coagulation described. M37 operational control of coagulation and filtration.
Coagulation flocculation involved twophase process to remove the stable colloids in water by forming larger aggregates that can be separated by the sedimentation process. Coagulation and flocculation free download as powerpoint presentation. Apr 27, 2016 042716 water treatment 59 g value for coagulation. Particle aggregation sticking of destabilized particles 2045 min floc separate by gravity. Coagulationflocculation followed by clarification is the most widely used process for treating the wastewater in this kind of industry. Principles of coagulation and flocculation herman 1983. This enables their removal by sedimentation, dissolved air flotation or filtration. Difference between coagulation and flocculation in water. Coagulation and flocculation are designed to remove infectious agents, remove toxic compounds that have adsorbed to the surface of particles, remove precursors to the formation of disinfection byproducts, and make the water palatable. Coagulation and flocculation process fundamentals 1 coagulation and flocculation. Coagulation and flocculation prepared by husam alnajar the islamic university of gaza environmental engineering department water treatment eenv 4331 colour in water.
Coagulationflocculation treatment of municipal wastewater. Coagulation is a water treatment process that causes very small suspended particles to. Ppt coagulation and flocculation linkedin slideshare. Manual of symbols and terminology for physicochemical quantities and units, appendix ii.
They are typically used for treatment of wastewater containing colloids suspended particles and metal ions. Water treatment coagulation flocculation basics youtube. The coagulation process is the first phase, which involved the addition of coagulant into the water to destabilize the particles by reducing the repulsive forces between the. Particles that aggregate by the use of polymers that binds them together. This manual is designed to help you keep your treatment plants coagulation and filtration processes operating at optimum efficiency. Example problem for designing a flocculation basin.
Invaluble for water scientists, engineers and students of this field, coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment is a convenient reference handbook in the form of numerous examples and appended information. In a second experiment, river water ph was adjusted at different phs between 4. But the phenomena are also wellknown from everyday life especially coagulation. Flocculation refers to the process used to bring the coagulated particles together so that they can combine to form larger, settleable, and filterable masses of particles called floc. Coagulation and flocculation are wellknown techniques within wastewater treatment. The floc is subsequently removed in most cases by sedimentation. May 03, 2012 coagulation and flocculation free download as powerpoint presentation. Optimization of the coagulationflocculation treatment. In water treatment, coagulation is the result of the addition of chemical reagents to water.
Sep 14, 2017 example problem for designing a flocculation basin. Coagulationflocculationjar test marmara universitesi. Mar 31, 2016 3312016 2 why coagulation and flocculation. Ppt coagulation and flocculation in water treatment. Coagulation and flocculation are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water.
Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking water. Coagulation and flocculation part 1 overview of the process. The action differs from precipitation in that, prior to flocculation, colloids are merely suspended in a liquid and not actually dissolved in a solution. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape. Ppt coagulation and flocculation in water treatment powerpoint presentation free to download id.
Their objective is to enhance the separation of particulate species in downstream processes such as sedimentation and filtration. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater. Coagulation and flocculation processes are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment bratby, john download bok. Coagulation and flocculation play a dominant role in many water and wastewater treatment, schemes. The importance of flash mixing and slower agitating processes in flocculation are also emphasized. The key difference between coagulation and flocculation in water treatment is that the coagulation is a chemical process while flocculation is a physical process. Coagulationflocculation process for produced water. Pdf coagulationflocculation in dewatering of sludge.
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